The study focuses on economic analysis of garlic production in the Ratlam District of Madhya Pradesh. The study is carried out to determine resource use efficiency and constraints of garlic production in the study area. Production data were collected from 60 farmers randomly from three village areas of Ratlam block of Ratlam district of Madhya Pradesh State. The data were analyzed using OLS regression method to estimate the production function and the ratio of marginal value product to marginal factor cost as the measure of resource use efficiency. In this study, the overall average productivity and gross return of garlic was recorded 136.04 q/ha and ` 306550 respectively. The farm size group wise productivity of garlic was 140.81q/ha obtained in small size group followed by 142.47q/ha and 124.85q/ha in medium and large size farm, respectively. Gross income obtained in small size group was ` 315414 followed by ` 321950 in medium and ` 282285 minimum in large size group. The lead functional form was the double log function which produced overall R2 of 0.98 followed by 0.96, 0.66 and 0.92 in small, medium and large farm group with an overall average of 0.98. On average, overall sum of elasticity was found to be 0.72 which is less than one whereas it was followed by followed by 0.91 in small, 0.93 and 1.00 in medium and large size group, respectively. Regression coefficients of human labour, fertilizer and irrigation were positive and highly significant in all farm size groups as well as in overall.